In this talk I review experimental and theoretical status of Galactic
cosmic rays. I will show that the standard static isotropic model of
galactic cosmic ray propagation suggested in 1990th is in direct
contradiction with large number of modern observations, which include
variability of cosmic ray flux in the Galaxy, magnetic field measurements
and large number of anomalies in local cosmic ray observations. I will
present a new model of galactic cosmic rays, which takes into account
anisotropic propagation of cosmic rays. Within this model only few nearby
supernovae give dominant contribution to the local cosmic ray flux at
energies above 200 GeV.
One can explain multiple anomalies in the cosmic ray data by adding the
effects of a 2 billion year old nearby supernova. In particular, this
supernova can explain the excess of positrons and antiprotons above 20 GeV
found by PAMELA and AMS-02, the discrepancy in the slopes of the spectra
of cosmic ray protons and heavier nuclei in the TeV-PeV energy range and
the plateau in cosmic ray dipole anisotropy in the 2-50 TeV energy range.
The same supernova was responsible for 60Fe measured in the ocean
crust. The cosmic rays above 200 TeV in the knee region together with the
excess in astrophysical neutrino data can be explained by another nearby
supernova, Vela, located at 270 pc from the Sun.