Answer: Maple only allows assignment to names. subs does not work in this case since it is strictly syntactic. The easiest thing to do is to use rem as follows:
> p;
2 3 4 5 6 7
1 + 3 x + 9 x + 27 x + 81 x + 243 x + 729 x + 2178 x
8 9
+ 6561 x + 19683 x
> rem(p,x^6,x);
2 3 4 5
1 + 3 x + 9 x + 27 x + 81 x + 243 x
Related help pages include: rem.